Examination linkage and age at passing
Share of authors linked to a passer in the civil-examination roster, and the distribution of the age at passing (East Asian reckoning) for linked authors.
49.1% of the 1,248 authors (613) link to a passer in the civil-examination roster (name and birth year 546, first pass of a re-examined person 65, courtesy or pen name 2): 83% of those born in the 15th century, 62% (16th), 52% (17th), 30% (18th), 22% (19th). An unlinked author is not necessarily a non-passer; variant-character and namesake candidates are reviewed separately. Median age at passing is 30 (27 in the 15th century, 35 in the 18th).
- Formula
- Names NFKC-normalized (煕=熙 included). M1 same name and birth year (several rows of one clan seat: first pass = M1-first) / M2 same name, roster birth absent, courtesy or pen name identical / M3 same name, single candidate, roster birth absent, exam year within [birth+15, death (or birth+70)]. More than one survivor: unresolved. Linkage = (M1+M1-first+M2+M3) / authors.
- Caveats
- Linkage is not a pass rate: authors who never passed the examination (rural scholars, monks, women, Goryeo authors) rightly stay unlinked. The short introductions rarely mention examinations, so precision could not be measured against them; a courtesy- and pen-name cross-check stands in (reliability card).
- Reliability card
- sampledSampled precision — accuracy of title parsing or person linkage measured on a coded sample
The first plan for linkage precision (checking the examination statement in the short introductions) gave no signal: only 1 of 300 sampled introductions mentions a pass. Instead, among the 179 linked authors whose courtesy or pen name is given on both sides (a comparable subset of the 613; for the 2 M2 links the same names were used for linking), 93.3% (167) agree on at least one; the 12 disagreements include variant characters and alternative pen names. This is not an independent precision for all links.
| Century | Authors | Linked | Linkage | Ambiguous | Median age at passing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9th century | 1 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | |
| 12th century | 2 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | |
| 13th century | 7 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | |
| 14th century | 37 | 4 | 10.8% | 0 | 23 |
| 15th century | 104 | 86 | 82.7% | 0 | 27 |
| 16th century | 382 | 237 | 62.0% | 0 | 30 |
| 17th century | 353 | 184 | 52.1% | 0 | 31 |
| 18th century | 272 | 82 | 30.1% | 0 | 35 |
| 19th century | 82 | 18 | 22.0% | 0 | 31 |
Linked authors
First 60 of 613 rows shown; the CSV has them all.
| Author | Born | Exam year | Age | Clan seat | Rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 申槩 | 1374 | 1393 | 20 | 평산(平山) | M1 |
| 尹祥 | 1373 | 1396 | 24 | 예천(醴泉) | M1 |
| 河演 | 1376 | 1396 | 21 | 진양(晉陽) | M1 |
| 卞季良 | 1369 | 1407 | 39 | 초계(草溪) | M1 |
| 南秀文 | 1408 | 1426 | 19 | 고성(固城) | M1-first |
| 崔恒 | 1409 | 1434 | 26 | 삭녕(朔寧) | M1-first |
| 朴彭年 | 1417 | 1434 | 18 | 순천(順天) | M1-first |
| 金淡 | 1416 | 1435 | 20 | 예안(禮安) | M1-first |
| 成三問 | 1418 | 1438 | 21 | 창녕(昌寧) | M1-first |
| 河緯地 | 1412 | 1438 | 27 | 진양(晉陽) | M1 |
| 申叔舟 | 1417 | 1439 | 23 | 고령(高靈) | M1-first |
| 金守溫 | 1409 | 1441 | 33 | 영동(永同) | M1-first |
| 李石亨 | 1415 | 1441 | 27 | 연안(延安) | M1-first |
| 梁誠之 | 1415 | 1441 | 27 | 남원(南原) | M1-first |
| 徐居正 | 1420 | 1444 | 25 | 대구(大丘) | M1-first |
| 李承召 | 1422 | 1447 | 26 | 양성(陽城) | M1-first |
| 姜希孟 | 1424 | 1447 | 24 | 진주(晉州) | M1-first |
| 孫舜孝 | 1427 | 1453 | 27 | 평해(平海) | M1-first |
| 丁克仁 | 1401 | 1453 | 53 | 영성(靈城) | M1 |
| 成侃 | 1427 | 1453 | 27 | 창녕(昌寧) | M1 |
| 金宗直 | 1431 | 1459 | 29 | 선산(善山) | M1 |
| 洪貴達 | 1438 | 1461 | 24 | 부계(缶溪) | M1 |
| 崔淑精 | 1432 | 1462 | 31 | 양천(陽川) | M1-first |
| 成俔 | 1439 | 1462 | 24 | 창녕(昌寧) | M1-first |
| 李陸 | 1438 | 1464 | 27 | 고성(固城) | M1-first |
| 蔡壽 | 1449 | 1469 | 21 | 인천(仁川) | M1-first |
| 金訢 | 1448 | 1471 | 24 | 연안(延安) | M1 |
| 表沿沫 | 1449 | 1472 | 24 | 신창(新昌) | M1-first |
| 楊煕止 | 1439 | 1474 | 36 | 중화(中和) | M1 |
| 兪好仁 | 1445 | 1474 | 30 | 고령(高靈) | M1 |
| 曺偉 | 1454 | 1474 | 21 | 창녕(昌寧) | M1 |
| 金孟性 | 1437 | 1476 | 40 | 해평(海平) | M1 |
| 丁壽崗 | 1454 | 1477 | 24 | 나주(羅州) | M1 |
| 李宜茂 | 1449 | 1477 | 29 | 덕수(德水) | M1 |
| 崔溥 | 1454 | 1482 | 29 | 탐진(耽津) | M1-first |
| 李宗準 | 1485 | 경주(慶州) | M2 | ||
| 姜渾 | 1464 | 1486 | 23 | 진주(晉州) | M1 |
| 金馹孫 | 1464 | 1486 | 23 | 김해(金海) | M1 |
| 權五福 | 1467 | 1486 | 20 | 예천(醴泉) | M1 |
| 申用漑 | 1463 | 1488 | 26 | 고령(高靈) | M1 |
| 李胄 | 1468 | 1488 | 21 | 고성(固城) | M1 |
| 李黿 | 1489 | 경주(慶州) | M2 | ||
| 鄭汝昌 | 1450 | 1490 | 41 | 하동(河東) | M1 |
| 鄭光弼 | 1462 | 1492 | 31 | 동래(東萊) | M1 |
| 李穆 | 1471 | 1495 | 25 | 전주(全州) | M1 |
| 洪彦忠 | 1473 | 1495 | 23 | 부계(缶溪) | M1 |
| 文敬仝 | 1457 | 1495 | 39 | 감천(甘泉) | M1 |
| 鄭希良 | 1469 | 1495 | 27 | 해주(海州) | M1 |
| 李荇 | 1478 | 1495 | 18 | 덕수(德水) | M1 |
| 朴誾 | 1479 | 1496 | 18 | 고령(高靈) | M1 |
| 金世弼 | 1473 | 1496 | 24 | 경주(慶州) | M1 |
| 魚得江 | 1470 | 1496 | 27 | 함종(咸從) | M1 |
| 金克成 | 1474 | 1498 | 25 | 광산(光山) | M1 |
| 李賢輔 | 1467 | 1498 | 32 | 영천(永川) | M1 |
| 李堣 | 1469 | 1498 | 30 | 진성(眞城) | M1 |
| 朴祥 | 1474 | 1501 | 28 | 충주(忠州) | M1-first |
| 李希輔 | 1473 | 1501 | 29 | 평양(平壤) | M1 |
| 金安國 | 1478 | 1503 | 26 | 의성(義城) | M1-first |
| 李耔 | 1480 | 1504 | 25 | 한산(韓山) | M1 |
| 金安老 | 1481 | 1506 | 26 | 연안(延安) | M1 |