α · fine-structure constant

미세 구조 상수

Takeaway

The relative standard uncertainty fell by a factor of about 10,000 from the 1969 to the 2022 edition (1.5×10⁻⁶ → 1.5×10⁻¹⁰): the error bars narrowed that much.
Of 9 earlier editions with a measured value, 6 have the 2022 value outside ±1σ (the error bar) and 3 outside ±2σ (the bar doubled); the normal expectation is about 1 in 3 and 1 in 22.
The largest move between editions came in 2006→2010, at 5.8 times the combined standard uncertainty of the two editions (|z| = 5.8).

Value ±1σ by edition2022

Relative deviation from the 2022 value (symmetric-log axis). Open circles: the error bar does not reach the 2022 value. Squares: exact.

Editionyear of the recommended values (data cut-off)	As printedexactly as in the source table; digits in parentheses are the standard uncertainty in the last digits	Standard uncertaintyhalf-width of the error bar (±1σ)	Relative standard uncertaintystandard uncertainty ÷ \|value\|: bar width relative to the value	z vs previous editionmove from the previous edition ÷ combined standard uncertainty of the two	z vs 2022(2022 value − this value) ÷ this edition's standard uncertainty	Source locationpage and table of the paper, or file and line of NIST's table
1969	7.297351(11) e-3	1.1×10⁻⁸	1.5×10⁻⁶		0.1422	477 table XXXII
1973	7.2973506(60) e-3	6.0×10⁻⁹	8.2×10⁻⁷	−0.0319	0.3274	717 table 33.1
1986	7.29735308(33) e-3	3.3×10⁻¹⁰	4.5×10⁻⁸	0.4127	−1.5627	codata86 p.8 table 2
1998	7.297 352 533(27) e-3	2.7×10⁻¹¹	3.7×10⁻⁹	−1.6521	1.1593	1998 ASCII:121
2002	7.297 352 568(24) e-3	2.4×10⁻¹¹	3.3×10⁻⁹	0.9689	−0.1542	2002 ASCII:122
2006	7.297 352 5376(50) e-3	5.0×10⁻¹²	6.9×10⁻¹⁰	−1.2400	5.3400	2006 ASCII:123
2010	7.297 352 5698 e-3	2.4×10⁻¹²	3.3×10⁻¹⁰	5.8058	−2.2917	2010 ASCII:128
2014	7.297 352 5664 e-3	1.7×10⁻¹²	2.3×10⁻¹⁰	−1.1560	−1.2353	2014 ASCII:128
2018	7.297 352 5693 e-3	1.1×10⁻¹²	1.5×10⁻¹⁰	1.4322	−4.5455	2018 ASCII:135
2022	7.297 352 5643 e-3	1.1×10⁻¹²	1.5×10⁻¹⁰	−3.2141		2022 ASCII:136