Other pages in this series (7)
M5
Convergence plot by constant
Each edition's value and error bar as a deviation from 2022
Takeaway
- Each constant's values by edition with ±1σ error bars, drawn as relative deviations from the 2022 value. An open circle marks an edition whose ±1σ range does not contain the 2022 value.
- Some constants, such as the proton charge radius, stayed off to one side for several editions and then moved a long way in a single edition.
- Definition
- For each constant, each edition's relative deviation from the 2022 value and its ±1σ error bar, in edition order.
- Formula
- relative deviation = (x_edition − x_2022) / |x_2022|, bar = ± u_edition / |x_2022|. The vertical axis is symmetric-log: linear near zero, logarithmic beyond.
- Denominator
- One per constant page.
- How to read it
- The dashed line in the middle is the 2022 value (relative deviation 0). A point whose bar does not reach it (open circle) is an edition that missed the 2022 value at ±1σ.
- Caveats
- To fit the large deviations of early editions and the tiny ones of recent editions into one plot, the vertical axis is symmetric-log (evenly spaced near zero, by factors of ten further out), so bar lengths are hard to compare by eye in the outer region.
α · fine-structure constantR∞ · Rydberg constanth · Planck constantk · Boltzmann constantG · Newtonian constant of gravitationAr(e) · electron relative atomic massAr(p) · proton relative atomic massAr(n) · neutron relative atomic massAr(d) · deuteron relative atomic massAr(α) · alpha particle relative atomic massaₑ · electron magnetic-moment anomalya_μ · muon magnetic-moment anomalym_μ/mₑ · muon-electron mass ratioμₚ/μ_N · proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratioμₙ/μ_N · neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratiorₚ · proton rms charge radiusr_d · deuteron rms charge radiusc · speed of light in vacuume · elementary chargeN_A · Avogadro constantmₑ · electron massmₚ/mₑ · proton-electron mass ratioF · Faraday constantR · molar gas constantσ · Stefan–Boltzmann constantμ₀ · vacuum magnetic permeabilityM_u · molar mass constantα⁻¹ · inverse fine-structure constantAr(h) · helion relative atomic massAr(t) · triton relative atomic massμ_d/μ_N · deuteron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio