물리 상수 메트릭스
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허블 상수 연대기 1929~2022

두 집성의 H0 값과 오차의 흐름을 한 그림에 모으고, 측정 방법 부호의 분포가 10년마다 어떻게 바뀌었는지를 함께 본다.

핵심
  • Huchra 목록의 10년 단위 중앙값은 1930년대 541.0, 1950년대 180.0, 1960년대 100.0, 1970년대 59.0, 1990년대 66.0, 2000년대 70.0이다. 값은 1930년대의 500 안팎에서 1970년대 이후 50~100 사이로 내려왔다.
  • 1990년대 이후 Ia형 초신성(S)·렌즈(L)·Sunyaev-Zeldovich(Z) 부호의 행이 늘고, 2000년대에는 우주배경복사 맞춤(C)이 더해진다. 표 A2의 2011~2019년 행은 Planck 2018과 Riess 외 2022의 두 기준값 사이와 그 바깥에 함께 놓인다.
  • 사건은 연대기 면의 「사건」 표에 근거와 함께 적었다.
표 A2 (행)Huchra 목록 (10년 단위 집계)Planck 2018Riess 외 2022
3050701002003005001930194019501960197019801990200020102020n=1n=4n=5n=7n=31n=74n=263n=160n=3Planck 67.36SH0ES 73.04Hubble 1929Sandage 외 대 de Vaucouleurs 외HST Key Project (K)Key Project 최종Planck 2013Planck 2018SH0ES 2022
파란 점은 표 A2의 행(오차 막대는 ± 인용 오차, 비대칭이면 평균), 회색 띠는 Huchra 목록 10년 단위의 사분위 범위와 중앙값(건수 표시), 점선은 두 기준값. 세로축 로그. 위의 사건은 연대기 면에 근거를 적었다.
40506070809010011019701975198019851990199520002005201020152020Planck 67.36SH0ES 73.04
같은 요소를 1970년부터 선형 축(40~110)으로. 범위 밖 값은 세모.

사건

연도사건근거
1929Hubble 1929Huchra 목록 1929년의 유일한 행(1차 부호 A): Hubble 1929, PNAS 15, 168.
1960~1997Sandage 외 대 de Vaucouleurs 외Huchra 목록의 설명문: 「1960년에는 Sandage 외 대 de Vaucouleurs 외의 긴 거리 척도 대 짧은 거리 척도 논쟁의 무대가 마련되어 있었다(H ~ 50 대 H ~ 100)」. 2차 부호 V(deVaucouleurs 또는 van den Bergh) 행 21건은 1960~1997년, S(Sandage 또는 Tammann) 행 71건은 1956~2010년에 있다. 띠는 V 부호 행의 기간이다.
1979~2010HST Key Project (K)2차 부호 K(Key Project 또는 그 팀원) 행 62건, 1979~2010년. 목록 자체가 Key Project의 일부로 작성되었다.
2001Key Project 최종Freedman 외 2001, ApJ 553, 47–72 (arXiv astro-ph/0012376): 「H0 = 72 ± 8」(초록).
2013Planck 2013Planck 2013 결과 XVI, A&A 571, A16 (2014; arXiv 1303.5076): 「H0 = 67.3 ± 1.2」(초록).
2018Planck 2018기준값 67.36 ± 0.54 (Planck 2018 결과 VI, 표 2). 표 A2의 2018년 행 「67.4 ± 0.5」는 그 반올림 값이다.
2022SH0ES 2022기준값 73.04 ± 1.04 (Riess 외 2022, 초록).

측정 방법의 변화

1920년대n=11930년대n=41950년대n=51960년대n=71970년대n=311980년대n=741990년대n=2632000년대n=1602010년대n=3A · Global Summary113472246262S · SnI3115523O · Other32213103218L · Lens233371Z · Sunyaev-Zeldovich2521B · BTF4514H · IRTF11422F · Fluctuations1107C · CMB Fit511T · TF115G · GCLF1112D · Dn-Sig/Fund Plane46그 밖의 부호 (2, I, M, N, P, R, r)251210
Huchra 목록, 10년 단위 × 1차 Type 부호(파일 범례 그대로). 칸의 색은 그 10년 행 가운데의 비율, 숫자는 건수. 10건 미만인 부호는 「그 밖의 부호」로 묶었다. 1929년 이후 오차 있는 행 기준.

표 A2 전체

연도H0오차(원 표기)저자(표 A2)z (Planck 2018)z (Riess 외 2022)비고
1976788Jaakkola and Le Denmat−1.3300−0.6200
197650.34.3Sandage and Tammann3.96745.2884
1979598Visvanathan and Griersmith1.04501.7550
19807515Stenning and Hartwick−0.5093−0.1307
19838025Rubin and Thonnard−0.5056−0.2784
1984457Jõeveer3.19434.0057
1986678Gondhalekar et al.0.04500.7550
19888910Melnick et al.−2.1640−1.5960
19909010Croft and Dailey−2.2640−1.6960
19907525Croft and Dailey−0.3056−0.0784
1990522Croft and Dailey7.680010.5200
19919017Croft and Dailey−1.3318−0.9976
199187.512.5Croft and Dailey−1.6112−1.1568
19914012Croft and Dailey2.28002.7533
19928612Croft and Dailey−1.5533−1.0800
19926010Croft and Dailey0.73601.3040
19935112Croft and Dailey1.36331.8367
1993475Croft and Dailey4.07205.2080
19934512Croft and Dailey1.86332.3367
1994855Croft and Dailey−3.5280−2.3920
1994529Croft and Dailey1.70672.3378
1995931Croft and Dailey−25.6400−19.9600
19959017Croft and Dailey−1.3318−0.9976
19957811Croft and Dailey−0.9673−0.4509
19957512.5Croft and Dailey−0.6112−0.1568
19957127.5Croft and Dailey−0.13240.0742
1996844Croft and Dailey−4.1600−2.7400
19967634Croft and Dailey−0.2541−0.0871
19967411Croft and Dailey−0.6036−0.0873
19967212Croft and Dailey−0.38670.0867
1996674.5Croft and Dailey0.08001.3422
1996646Croft and Dailey0.56001.5067
1996629Croft and Dailey0.59561.2267
1996574Croft and Dailey2.59004.0100
1996564Croft and Dailey2.84004.2600
1996569Croft and Dailey1.26221.8933
19977850Croft and Dailey−0.2128−0.0992
1997695Croft and Dailey−0.32800.8080
1997698Croft and Dailey−0.20500.5050
19976610Croft and Dailey0.13600.7040
19976413Croft and Dailey0.25850.6954
1997627Croft and Dailey0.76571.5771
1997587.5Croft and Dailey1.24802.0053
19975414Croft and Dailey0.95431.3600
19975113.5Croft and Dailey1.21191.6326
1998651Croft and Dailey2.36008.0400
1998626Croft and Dailey0.89331.8400
1998558Croft and Dailey1.54502.2550
1998539.5Croft and Dailey1.51162.1095
199851.512.5Croft and Dailey1.26881.7232
19984719Croft and Dailey1.07161.3705
19984714Croft and Dailey1.45431.8600
1998444Croft and Dailey5.84007.2600
19998711Croft and Dailey−1.7855−1.2691
19997614Croft and Dailey−0.6171−0.2114
1999748Croft and Dailey−0.8300−0.1200
1999729Croft and Dailey−0.51560.1156
19996915Croft and Dailey−0.10930.2693
1999643.75Croft and Dailey0.89602.4107
1999625Croft and Dailey1.07202.2080
1999617Croft and Dailey0.90861.7200
1999602Croft and Dailey3.68006.5200
19995917Croft and Dailey0.49180.8259
1999553Croft and Dailey4.12006.0133
1999545Croft and Dailey2.67203.8080
19995333Croft and Dailey0.43520.6073
1999429Croft and Dailey2.81783.4489
2000778Croft and Dailey−1.2050−0.4950
2000774Croft and Dailey−2.4100−0.9900
2000716Croft and Dailey−0.60670.3400
2000685.4Croft and Dailey−0.11850.9333
2000651Croft and Dailey2.36008.0400
20006310.5Croft and Dailey0.41520.9562
20006312Croft and Dailey0.36330.8367
20005933Croft and Dailey0.25330.4255
200058.56.3Croft and Dailey1.40632.3079
200052.211.65Croft and Dailey1.30131.7888
2000525.5Croft and Dailey2.79273.8255
20017515Croft and Dailey−0.5093−0.1307
2001745Croft and Dailey−1.3280−0.1920
20016612.5Croft and Dailey0.10880.5632
2001656Croft and Dailey0.39331.3400
20028419Croft and Dailey−0.8758−0.5768
2002787Croft and Dailey−1.5200−0.7086
2002714Croft and Dailey−0.91000.5100
200266.54.7Croft and Dailey0.18301.3915
20026315Croft and Dailey0.29070.6693
20026015.5Croft and Dailey0.47480.8413
2002449Croft and Dailey2.59563.2267
20038518.5Croft and Dailey−0.9535−0.6465
20038426Croft and Dailey−0.6400−0.4215
2003756.5Croft and Dailey−1.1754−0.3015
20037214Croft and Dailey−0.33140.0743
2003728Croft and Dailey−0.58000.1300
2003713.5Croft and Dailey−1.04000.5829
2003703Croft and Dailey−0.88001.0133
20036912Croft and Dailey−0.13670.3367
2003694Croft and Dailey−0.41001.0100
200368.41.7Croft and Dailey−0.61182.7294
2003665.5Croft and Dailey0.24731.2800
20036531Croft and Dailey0.07610.2594
20035911Croft and Dailey0.76001.2764
2004783Croft and Dailey−3.5467−1.6533
2004734.025Croft and Dailey−1.40120.0099
2004718Croft and Dailey−0.45500.2550
2004717.1Croft and Dailey−0.51270.2873
2004698Croft and Dailey−0.20500.5050
20046724Croft and Dailey0.01500.2517
20045623Croft and Dailey0.49390.7409
2005736.4Croft and Dailey−0.88120.0063
2005705Croft and Dailey−0.52800.6080
20056612.5Croft and Dailey0.10880.5632
200676.93.65Croft and Dailey−2.6137−1.0575
200674.922.28Croft and Dailey−3.3158−0.8246
2006742Croft and Dailey−3.3200−0.4800
2006746.3Croft and Dailey−1.0540−0.1524
200662.35.2Croft and Dailey0.97312.0654
2007768Croft and Dailey−1.0800−0.3700
2007743.75Croft and Dailey−1.7707−0.2560
20076810Croft and Dailey−0.06400.5040
200861.71.15Croft and Dailey4.92179.8609
200974.23.6Croft and Dailey−1.9000−0.3222
2009714Croft and Dailey−0.91000.5100
200970.51.3Croft and Dailey−2.41541.9538
201079.37.6Croft and Dailey−1.5711−0.8237
20106911Croft and Dailey−0.14910.3673
201068.22.2Croft and Dailey−0.38182.2000
2010665Croft and Dailey0.27201.4080
201173.82.4Riess et al.−2.6833−0.3167
201174.83.1Riess et al.−2.4000−0.5677
201174.46.25Riess et al.−1.1264−0.2176
2011685.5Chen and Ratra−0.11640.9164
201274.32.9Chávez et al.−2.3931−0.4345
2012673.2Beutler et al.0.11251.8875
201274.32.1Freedman et al.−3.3048−0.6000
2013684.8Braatz et al.−0.13331.0500
201368.97.1Reid et al.−0.21690.5831
2013761.9Fiorentino et al.−4.5474−1.5579
201469.60.7Bennett et al.−3.20004.9143
201570.62.6Rigault et al.−1.24620.9385
201568.110.86Cheng and Huang−0.87215.7326
201673.241.74Riess et al.−3.3793−0.1149
201768.3+2.7 −2.6Chen et al.−0.35471.7887
201768.4+2.9 −3.3Chen et al.−0.33551.4968
201765+6.5 −6.6Chen et al.0.36031.2275
201767.92.4Chen et al.−0.22502.1417
201772.5+2.5 −8Bethapudi and Desai−0.97900.1029
201769.34.2Braatz et al.−0.46190.8905
201866.981.18Addison et al.0.32205.1356
201864+9 −11Vega-Ferrero et al.0.33600.9040
201873.481.66Riess et al.−3.6867−0.2651
2018674Yu et al.0.09001.5100
201872.721.67Feeney et al.−3.20960.1916
201873.151.78Feeney et al.−3.2528−0.0618
201868.9+4.7 −4.6Hotokezaka et al.−0.33120.8903
201873.31.7Follin and Knox−3.4941−0.1529
201867.40.5Chen et al.—11.2800Planck 2018의 반올림 값 — Planck 기준에서 뺌
201873.241.74Chen et al.−3.3793−0.1149
2019673Kozmanyan et al.0.12002.0133
201972.5+2.1 −2.3Birrer et al.−2.33640.2455
201967.5+1.4 −1.5Domínguez et al.−0.09663.8207
201974.031.42Riess et al.−4.6972−0.6972
201967.81.3Macaulay et al.−0.33854.0308

CSV 내려받기: h0_faerber2020.csv CSV 내려받기: h0_h3_rows_faerber.csv CSV 내려받기: h0_huchra_decades.csv CSV 내려받기: h0_huchra_types.csv

자료 출처: J. Huchra, Estimates of the Hubble Constant (hubble.plot.dat, last updated 2010-10-07), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; assembled as part of the NASA/HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Aggregates only. · Faerber, T.; López-Corredoira, M. A Chi-Squared Analysis of the Measurements of Two Cosmological Parameters over Time. Universe 2020, 6, 114, doi:10.3390/universe6080114, Appendix Table A2 (read from arXiv:2008.04035v1). CC BY 4.0.