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Atomic weight
S · sulfur
황
Takeaway
- Recommended or revised 12 times between 1902 and 2024 (first record 1902, latest revision 2009).
- Of 4 revisions whose previous recommendation had an uncertainty, 1 (1969) put the new value outside the previous (expanded) range.
- Since 2009, it has been given as the interval [32.059, 32.076] rather than a single value (the range found in normal materials).
| Yearyear of the recommendation | Value (as printed)as printed in CIAAW's table; digits in parentheses are the uncertainty (expanded range) in the last digits | Notationvalue(uncertainty), interval or no uncertainty | Scalebefore 1961 oxygen = 16, from 1961 ¹²C = 12 | Value, ¹²C scalepre-1961 values multiplied by 15.9994/16 | z vs previous(new − previous) ÷ previous uncertainty | ReportDOI of the CIAAW report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1902 | 32.06 | no uncertainty | O=16 | 32.05879775 | 10.1007/BF01370337 | |
| 1909 | 32.07 | no uncertainty | O=16 | 32.06879738 | 10.1021/ja01931a001 | |
| 1916 | 32.06 | no uncertainty | O=16 | 32.05879775 | 10.1021/ja02176a001 | |
| 1925 | 32.064 | no uncertainty | O=16 | 32.0627976 | 10.1039/CT9252700913 | |
| 1931 | 32.06 | no uncertainty | O=16 | 32.05879775 | 10.1039/JR9310001617 | |
| 1947 | 32.066 | no uncertainty | O=16 | 32.06479752 | 10.1039/JR9510000001 | |
| 1951 | 32.066(3) | value(uncertainty) | O=16 | 32.06479752 | 10.1039/JR9530000001 | |
| 1961 | 32.064(3) | value(uncertainty) | 12C=12 | 32.064 | −0.266 | 10.1021/ja00881a001 |
| 1969 | 32.06(1) | value(uncertainty) | 12C=12 | 32.06 | −1.333 | 10.1351/pac197021010091 |
| 1983 | 32.066(6) | value(uncertainty) | 12C=12 | 32.066 | 0.600 | 10.1351/pac198456060653 |
| 1999 | 32.065(5) | value(uncertainty) | 12C=12 | 32.065 | −0.167 | 10.1351/pac200173040667 |
| 2009 | [32.059, 32.076] | interval | 12C=12 | 32.0675 (interval midpoint, for calculation) | 10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14 |
Source: Standard atomic weights © IUPAC/CIAAW 2016–2024. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights, Historical changes of standard atomic weights (compiled by J. Meija), https://www.ciaaw.org/historical-atomic-weights.htm