All metrics
Volume and density of the record
Articles414,50133 editionsNumber of articles (biblioData type="T" in the NIKH XML) per edition, split into dated articles and undated front matter, appendices and treatises.Characters52.5Mcharacters, 33 editionsNumber of Chinese characters in the article text (including notes and historians' comments; titles and bibliographic data excluded).Characters per reign-year205,623highest: Injong, per yearCharacters divided by the length of the reign in years — the density of the record.Article length (median)43median article, principal editionsMedian number of characters per article; the distribution table adds the 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th and 99th percentiles.Share of articles with a historian's comment8.3%highest: MyeongjongShare of articles that carry a historian's comment (史臣曰, XML postScript). The count of comments and their share of characters are shown too.Share of months without an article65most empty months: SeonjoShare of lunar months in the reign with no article at all; the coefficient of variation of yearly article counts is given alongside.
Editions compared
Size of revised editions0.10Revised Seonjo / Seonjo, charactersArticles and characters of each revised, supplemented or corrections edition against its original, and the ratio.Shared-day share60%Revised Seonjo days also in the originalShare of days on which both editions have an article, relative to each edition's days with articles.Deletions in the Daily Records of Gwanghaegun16.4%second-draft characters marked deletedShare of characters marked as deleted in the second draft, and the drop in articles and characters from the second to the final draft.Historians' comments in revised editions20.2%share with comments, Sukjong Supplement and CorrectionsShare of articles with a historian's comment, original and revised side by side.
Sky and weather
Solar-eclipse articles matched by computation65.5%of 84 observation reports match a Seoul eclipseArticles mentioning '日食' are classified by type (observation report, forecast, rescue ritual, non-occurrence, discussion); the metric is the share whose date lies within ±1 day of a computed eclipse visible from Seoul.Lunar-eclipse articles matched by computation46.5%of 359 articles, not classified by typeShare of '月食' articles whose date lies within ±1 day of a computed umbral lunar eclipse with the Moon above the Seoul horizon.Daytime Venus records against the Venus cycle583.7days recovered (Venus: 583.92)Dates of '太白晝見'/'太白經天' articles placed on the 583.92-day synodic cycle: the share within ±90 days of inferior conjunction, and the Rayleigh Z.Comet and guest-star articles1,417articles · precision 0.68Articles mentioning comets, broom stars, guest stars or long stars (長星), by year, with the precision of 'actual observation report' measured on a coded sample.Earthquake articles1,768articles · precision 0.76'地震' articles by year and province, with sample precision.Summer frost, snow and hail days×1.3frost+snow rate 1640–1719 vs 1500–1639Days in lunar months 5–7 recording frost, snow or hail, per 1,000 articles classified 'science–weather' in the same decade.
Politics and appointments
Clan concentration among first appointees to high office0.28→0.45top-10 clan share, 1392–1449 → 1800–1849People first appointed as state councilor, minister, vice-minister, inspector-general, censor-general, chief royal secretary, provincial governor or director of the academy, grouped in 50-year periods: top-10 clan share, HHI and effective number of clans.Share of royal-lecture articles8.0%of articles have a royal-lecture keyword · precision 0.82Share of articles mentioning the royal lecture or its sessions (morning, noon, evening, night), by reign, with the precision of 'lecture held' on a coded sample.Share of memorial articles6.8%of articles have a memorial keywordShare of articles mentioning memorials, by reign, next to the share classified 'political discourse–remonstrance' by NIKH.Share of articles classified under justice23.5%of principal-edition articles classified under justiceShare of articles carrying at least one of NIKH's six justice classes (impeachment, punishment, trials, policing, legislation, general), by decade and reign.
Justice and society
Articles mentioning the death penalty11.8mentions per 1,000 in 1400–1449, the peakShare of 'justice–punishment' articles with a capital-punishment term (beheading, strangulation, dismemberment, poison, execution and others), and a corrected value from a coded sample of 240 for 'execution confirmed in the article'.Share of famine-relief articles1.2%of articles have a relief or famine keyword · precision 0.81Share of articles mentioning relief, famine or crop failure, by year, with sample precision.Articles mentioning the vernacular script520articles mentioning the script (principal editions)Articles mentioning eonmun, eonseo (vernacular letters), eonhae (vernacular translations) or Hunminjeongeum, by reign, and how many of them also fall under the justice classes.Share of articles on slaves1.8%of articles have a slaves keyword · precision 0.68Share of articles mentioning slaves or public/private bondspeople, by reign, with sample precision.
Record and sky — three sources
Astronomical articles of the Goryeosa Treatise on Astronomy (918–1392), the Goryeosa-jeolyo and the Seungjeongwon Ilgi (1623–1910), classified by type with the same codebook as the Sillok and compared with the same DE406 computation. Observing sites: Gaeseong for Goryeo, Seoul for Joseon. The eclipse figures here come from a v2 re-coding of the 1.0 series C (Sillok only, codebook v1), so they differ from C1; the Versions section of the Method page records what changed.
Solar-eclipse observation reports matched by computation, by source82.6%of 115 Goryeosa reports match an eclipse visible from Gaeseong · Jeolyo 81% · Sillok 73% · Ilgi 91%'日食' articles of the Goryeosa treatise, the Jeolyo, the Sillok and the Ilgi, classified by type with codebook v2; the metric is the share of observation reports whose date lies within ±1 day of a computed eclipse visible at that source's site (Gaeseong or Seoul).Lunar-eclipse articles: types and match rate, by source71.3%Sillok reports matched · Goryeosa treatise 78% · Sillok 71% · Ilgi 79%'月食' articles classified by type (observation, forecast, ritual, non-occurrence, discussion, not an eclipse); the metric is the share of observation reports within ±1 day of a computed umbral eclipse visible at the site. Up to 1.1 only a lower bound without type classification was given.Planet articles against the computed sky — Venus elongation and 犯 separations43°median Venus elongation, Goryeosa (random: 30°)(1) Distribution of Venus's elongation on 'Venus seen by day' dates per source against random dates. (2) For '月犯X / X犯Y' articles whose two bodies are in the name dictionary, the minimum angular separation that night.Identification rate of comet and guest-star articles78%of 69 Sillok reports within ±90 d of a perihelion (chance 17%)Share of comet-keyword article dates that fall within ±90 days of a known comet's perihelion (JPL Small-Body Database, 376 comets with perihelion before 1911), against the share for the same number of random dates (1,000 draws).Chronology of naked-eye sunspot articles170articles · Goryeosa, Jeolyo, Sillok, IlgiCounts of '黑子 / 日中有黑 / 日有黑氣' articles by source and 50-year period.Same-event reporting between sources32%of 37 Sillok eclipse days also in the Ilgi, 1623–1863Share of the same events (solar and lunar observation days, comet keyword days) recorded in both (1) the Goryeosa treatise and the Jeolyo, (2) the Sillok and the Ilgi (1623–1863), in both directions.
The weather cell of the Seungjeongwon Ilgi
The 102,397 day-level weather cells of the Seungjeongwon Ilgi, decomposed with a token rule. The cell was first digitized in full by Lyu et al. (2024, Geoscience Data Journal, Zenodo CC BY 4.0) for 1623–1910, and Lee, Shin & Hong (2024, Scientific Data, Zenodo CC BY 4.0) published its categories for 1778–1907 together with the rain-gauge series. This chapter adds the day-by-day agreement with those two datasets and the list of differences, the degree to which a bare '晴' was entered as routine, the overlap with the rain gauge and with modern observations, and the structure of the gaps.
Token shares of the weather cell and agreement with two datasets75.1%of weather days carry only '晴'Each cell decomposed with the pre-registered token rule R1 into day-level flags (clear-only, cloudy, rain, snow, mixed), by reign and lunar month, and the same-day agreement with the Lyu et al. 2024 dummies and the Lee et al. 2024 category.Routine-entry index — the bare 晴 and the rain gauge73%of 8,320 gauge rain days carry 雨 · 雨 on 1 of 36,138 days without a gauge entryBy reign: share of days with '晴' alone, longest and mean run of such days, share of solar-July (monsoon) days with rain recorded; and the share of rain-gauge days (Lee et al. 2024) on which the cell says 雨.Overlap with modern observations, 1907–191021%of 403 observed rain days carry 雨, 1907–1910On the 1,052 days from the start of KMA Seoul (108) daily data (1907-10-01) to the diary's last day (1910-08-29): agreement between observed rain, snow and cloud cover and the cell's flags.Gaps — missing days, empty cells, note-only cells2,275days without a node · 2,256 empty-cell nodes · 1,317 duplicate nodesBy reign and year: calendar days without a day node, day nodes whose cell is empty or '-', and nodes whose cell holds only a copyist's note (燼餘, 謄書) instead of weather (empty and note-only are node counts — they include undated nodes and second nodes of one date).