Classical Music Metrics
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Performance metricsUnit: CV

Across-performer tempo spread

How much performers of the same piece differ in average tempo.

Formula
sample SD (n−1) / mean of each performance's mean tempo (60 / mean inter-beat interval); defined only for pieces with two or more performances (40 Bach, 33 Beethoven, 4 Mozart)
How to read it
0.05 means the SD of the performances' mean tempi is 5% of the piece's mean tempo (not that every performance lies within ±5%); above 0.1 interpretations diverge markedly.
Caveats
Performers are International Piano-e-Competition entrants (MAESTRO), not commercial recording artists. Performances per piece range from 1 to 25; pieces with a single performance (19 Bach, 23 Beethoven, 2 Mozart) drop out of this metric.
0.0000.0500.1000.1500.200CVBach0.0860.0540.0530.0680.0530.0770.0180.0780.0690.0200.0860.0580.1680.0660.1960.0940.0720.0450.0900.0710.0610.0540.1100.0470.0140.0540.0310.0230.0350.0470.0720.0440.0270.2230.1060.0630.0670.0690.0850.061median 0.064Beethoven0.0390.0750.0340.0400.0740.0190.1350.0040.0300.0470.0810.0420.0390.0500.0380.0380.0610.1630.0720.0100.0430.0660.0500.1080.0590.1400.0290.0710.0330.1850.0010.0340.086median 0.047
One dot per piece (pieces with two or more performances only). Mozart (6 pieces, 16 performances) is too small a sample for the chart and appears only in the table below.
ComposerPiecePerf.Tempo (median)Across-performer tempo spread
BachPrelude_bwv_8803630.223
BachFugue_bwv_8836820.196
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-22180.185
BachFugue_bwv_8762860.168
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_26-341100.163
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_32-19970.140
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-24940.135
BachPrelude_bwv_8576460.110
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_31-272320.108
BachPrelude_bwv_8833450.106
MozartPiano_Sonatas_12-22360.095
BachFugue_bwv_8856990.094
BachFugue_bwv_89332050.090
BachFugue_bwv_84891040.086
BachFugue_bwv_8743360.086
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_8-121020.086
BachPrelude_bwv_89221030.085
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_21-23160.081
BachFugue_bwv_8672620.078
BachFugue_bwv_8633570.077
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_12-13910.075
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_17-1141470.074
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_27-171390.072
BachFugue_bwv_8896720.072
BachPrelude_bwv_8742850.072
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_5-132000.071
BachItalian_concerto3300.071
BachFugue_bwv_87031170.069
BachPrelude_bwv_8912680.069
BachFugue_bwv_8582620.068
BachPrelude_bwv_8896560.067
BachFugue_bwv_88031190.066
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_30-18560.066
BachPrelude_bwv_8856320.063
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_26-25230.061
BachPrelude_bwv_84892670.061
BachPrelude_bwv_8933590.061
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_31-3_410520.059
MozartPiano_Sonatas_12-141500.059
BachFugue_bwv_8752530.058
BachPrelude_bwv_8545670.054
BachFugue_bwv_85451100.054
BachPrelude_bwv_8633340.054
BachFugue_bwv_8576650.053
BachFugue_bwv_8606630.053
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_31-121560.050
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_23-1171120.050
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_21-1251460.047
BachPrelude_bwv_8732450.047
BachPrelude_bwv_8582880.047
BachFugue_bwv_8922530.045
BachPrelude_bwv_87531260.044
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_3-181380.043
MozartPiano_Sonatas_8-151330.042
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_21-331130.042
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_16-171370.040
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_22-13830.039
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_11-171480.039
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_24-191160.038
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_26-1111800.038
BachPrelude_bwv_8703540.035
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-421180.034
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_15-131840.034
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-191380.033
BachPrelude_bwv_8653880.031
MozartPiano_Sonatas_12-33980.030
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_2-131240.030
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_4-191290.029
BachPrelude_bwv_8762970.027
BachPrelude_bwv_8672340.023
BachFugue_bwv_87321460.020
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-191270.019
BachFugue_bwv_8653860.018
BachPrelude_bwv_86061860.014
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_28-15530.010
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-421780.004
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-322190.001
BachFugue_bwv_846145
BachFugue_bwv_8561197
BachFugue_bwv_862155
BachFugue_bwv_864167
BachFugue_bwv_866191
BachFugue_bwv_868166
BachFugue_bwv_8841205
BachFugue_bwv_887149
BachFugue_bwv_8881102
BachFugue_bwv_891185
BachPrelude_bwv_846161
BachPrelude_bwv_856178
BachPrelude_bwv_8621108
BachPrelude_bwv_864191
BachPrelude_bwv_866173
BachPrelude_bwv_868172
BachPrelude_bwv_8841126
BachPrelude_bwv_8871109
BachPrelude_bwv_888179
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_1-11112
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_10-1186
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_11-2130
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_11-31127
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_13-4198
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_14-31145
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_15-4179
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_16-2135
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_17-2141
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_17-31277
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-3181
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_22-21118
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_27-2180
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_28-21139
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_29-21196
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_29-3124
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_29-41106
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_3-2123
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_8-2130
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_8-3197
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_9-11147
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_9-21115
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_9-3181
MozartFantasie_475157
MozartPiano_Sonatas_11-31143

Source

ASAP dataset (Foscarin et al., ISMIR 2020). Piano MIDI performances aligned beat-by-beat to scores: 169 Bach (Well-Tempered Clavier) and 271 Beethoven (sonatas); 169 and 259 of these have beat counts matching the score and only those are used. Version 1.1 adds Mozart: 6 movements (K.310/i, K.331/iii, K.332 complete, Fantasia K.475), 16 performances — one to five per piece, so they appear in tables but not in comparison charts. Performances come from MAESTRO (International Piano-e-Competition). https://github.com/fosfrancesco/asap-dataset · License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

asap_performance_metrics.csvasap_piece_summary.csvasap_pedal.csvasap_pedal_summary.csvasap_pedal_recordings.csv