Classical Music Metrics
한국어
Other pages in this series (60)
Performance metricsUnit: MIDI velocity

Dynamic spread

Standard deviation of key-strike velocity (MIDI velocity, 0–127) within a performance.

Formula
per performance sd(velocity) (population SD); piece value is the median across performances
How to read it
About 11 for Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, about 17 for Beethoven sonatas — wider dynamic contrast in Beethoven.
Caveats
MIDI velocity is a proxy for loudness and its scale depends on instrument and setup. Use only for relative comparison within the dataset.
10.012.515.017.520.022.5MIDI velocityBach11.511.010.69.912.810.510.814.412.110.912.18.514.512.711.212.914.811.912.011.511.710.711.310.511.312.112.214.09.714.012.110.211.08.611.410.910.210.910.911.010.010.314.812.611.913.412.410.311.012.213.910.513.210.613.79.910.411.29.4median 11.3Beethoven15.318.016.914.615.014.915.915.519.219.515.914.116.814.415.414.614.817.014.616.316.117.919.318.513.219.016.717.317.916.419.614.617.615.919.717.217.216.615.317.415.818.922.218.615.318.415.719.214.815.216.714.015.216.817.619.4median 16.6
One dot per piece (a single-performance piece shows that performance's value). Mozart (6 pieces, 16 performances) is too small a sample for the chart and appears only in the table below.
ComposerPiecePerf.Tempo (median)Dynamic spread
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_31-3_4105222.2
MozartFantasie_47515720.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_29-2119619.7
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_27-1713919.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_15-417919.5
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_9-318119.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_21-3311319.3
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_15-1318419.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-221819.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_23-11711219.0
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_31-2723218.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_32-199718.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_22-138318.5
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_5-1320018.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_10-118618.0
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_26-252317.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_21-231617.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_28-155317.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_9-2111517.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_30-185617.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_26-11118017.3
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_29-312417.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_29-4110617.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-318117.0
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_11-1714816.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_9-1114716.8
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_17-11414716.8
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_24-1911616.7
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_8-1210216.7
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_3-1813816.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_26-3411016.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_2-1312416.3
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_21-12514616.1
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_16-1713715.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_28-2113915.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_13-419815.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_31-1215615.8
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-1913815.7
MozartPiano_Sonatas_11-3114315.5
MozartPiano_Sonatas_12-1415015.5
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_14-3114515.5
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_17-3127715.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_1-1111215.3
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_3-212315.3
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_4-1912915.3
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-4211815.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_8-319715.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_11-3112715.0
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_12-139114.9
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-249414.8
BachPrelude_bwv_86723414.8
MozartPiano_Sonatas_12-223614.8
BachFugue_bwv_87433614.8
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_7-3221914.8
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_11-213014.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-4217814.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_18-1912714.6
MozartPiano_Sonatas_8-1513314.6
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_27-218014.6
BachFugue_bwv_86726214.5
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_17-214114.4
BachFugue_bwv_86215514.4
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_16-213514.1
BachItalian_concerto33014.0
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_8-213014.0
BachFugue_bwv_89225314.0
BachPrelude_bwv_88334513.9
MozartPiano_Sonatas_12-339813.9
BachPrelude_bwv_88817913.7
BachPrelude_bwv_87324513.4
BachPrelude_bwv_88563213.2
BeethovenPiano_Sonatas_22-2111813.2
BachFugue_bwv_873214612.9
BachFugue_bwv_85766512.8
BachFugue_bwv_86816612.7
BachPrelude_bwv_86817212.6
BachPrelude_bwv_87428512.4
BachFugue_bwv_89118512.2
BachPrelude_bwv_88036312.2
BachFugue_bwv_88967212.1
BachPrelude_bwv_84616112.1
BachFugue_bwv_86335712.1
BachFugue_bwv_86538612.1
BachFugue_bwv_87628612.0
BachFugue_bwv_87525311.9
BachPrelude_bwv_87035411.9
BachFugue_bwv_88368211.7
BachFugue_bwv_880311911.5
BachFugue_bwv_84614511.5
BachPrelude_bwv_85764611.4
BachFugue_bwv_888110211.3
BachFugue_bwv_88569911.3
BachFugue_bwv_870311711.2
BachPrelude_bwv_892210311.2
BachPrelude_bwv_86419111.0
BachPrelude_bwv_87629711.0
BachPrelude_bwv_85456711.0
BachFugue_bwv_848910411.0
BachPrelude_bwv_862110810.9
BachFugue_bwv_86416710.9
BachPrelude_bwv_86333410.9
BachPrelude_bwv_85828810.9
BachFugue_bwv_86066310.8
BachFugue_bwv_884120510.7
BachFugue_bwv_854511010.6
BachPrelude_bwv_887110910.6
BachFugue_bwv_85826210.5
BachFugue_bwv_88714910.5
BachPrelude_bwv_884112610.5
BachPrelude_bwv_89126810.4
BachPrelude_bwv_875312610.3
BachPrelude_bwv_86617310.3
BachPrelude_bwv_848926710.2
BachPrelude_bwv_860618610.2
BachPrelude_bwv_86538810.0
BachPrelude_bwv_8896569.9
BachFugue_bwv_85611979.9
BachFugue_bwv_89332059.7
BachPrelude_bwv_8933599.4
BachPrelude_bwv_8561788.6
BachFugue_bwv_8661918.5

Source

ASAP dataset (Foscarin et al., ISMIR 2020). Piano MIDI performances aligned beat-by-beat to scores: 169 Bach (Well-Tempered Clavier) and 271 Beethoven (sonatas); 169 and 259 of these have beat counts matching the score and only those are used. Version 1.1 adds Mozart: 6 movements (K.310/i, K.331/iii, K.332 complete, Fantasia K.475), 16 performances — one to five per piece, so they appear in tables but not in comparison charts. Performances come from MAESTRO (International Piano-e-Competition). https://github.com/fosfrancesco/asap-dataset · License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

asap_performance_metrics.csvasap_piece_summary.csvasap_pedal.csvasap_pedal_summary.csvasap_pedal_recordings.csv